Personality Theories

The Personality 

Throughout history, personality theories have been used to address what constitutes a person's personality. Personality is the way a person thinks, feels and behaves. This affects the way a person interacts with their environment. Personality is generally stable, although environmental factors can influence it. A person's personality causes people to react to certain situations and situations.

The Freudian Theory

Sigmund Freud was the father of psychiatry. Among his many achievements is, arguably, the most far-reaching personality system in psychology. According to Sigmund Freud, human personality is complex and has more than a single component. In his famous theory of psychoanalysis, Freud states that personality consists of three elements called id, ego and superego. These elements work together to create complex human behaviors.

Elements Of Personality

According to Freud, there is an interdependence between these three levels, and each level serves a purpose of personality development. In this theory, a person's ability to resolve internal conflicts at specific stages of their development determines their future facing and functional ability as a full - grown adult.

Super Ego : 

The super ego acts on a conscious level. It serves as a checkpoint for what is happening. It is at this level that society and parental guidance against personal happiness and profit, as guided by each identity card, is weighed. Clearly, this creates ripe motion conditions for conflict.

 

Ego : 

Freud used the word ego to refer to a set of mental functions, such as judgment, patience, reality testing, control, planning, security, information synthesis, intellectual activity, and memory.

Id :

Freud, the self-centered center of the human universe, believed that on this one level, identity is constantly fighting to get our way in everything we take.

Stages Of Development

Freud emphasized the five stages of psychological development, believing that most human suffering is determined by childhood development. As a child goes through these stages, unresolved conflicts between physical drivers and social expectations can occur.

These stages are :

Oral ( 0 - 1.5 Age of years ) : Fixing everything verbally. Negative oral habits or behaviors are more likely to develop if they are not satisfied.

Anal ( 1.5 - 3 Age of years ) : As shown, this stage is primarily related to the development of healthy toilet training habits.

Phallic ( 3 - 5 Age of years ): Developing healthy substitutes for sexual attraction in boys and girls towards a parent of the opposite sex.

Latency ( 5 - 12 Age of years ) : Developing healthy sleeping sexual feelings for people of the opposite sex.

Gential ( 12 to adulthood ) : All the functions of the previous four stages are integrated into the mind, which allows for the onset of healthy sexual feelings and behaviors.

The Neo - Freudian Theory

Neo-Freudian theory believes that social relations are fundamental to the formation and development of personality.

Alfred Adler considered humans to be trying to achieve the various logical goals he called lifestyle. He also put a lot of emphasis on individual efforts to overcome feelings of inferiority.

According to Harry Stack Sullivan, people continue to strive to have significant and rewarding relationships with others. He was particularly concerned about individual efforts to reduce stress, such as anxiety. Many marketers use some of these neo-Freudian theories intelligently.

Karen Horny believed that neurosis was caused by primary anxiety caused by interpersonal relationships. Her theory suggests that the strategies used to successfully deal with anxiety can be overused and that the needs can be looked at.

Trait Theory

Trait theory represents a quantitative approach to the study of personality. This theory suggests that a person's personality is made up of specific tendencies, called traits. A trait is more precisely defined as any significant, relatively enduring form in which one person differs from another. In Trait theory, personality is generally described as having one or more traits, such as coercion, ambition, collectivism, dominance, authoritarianism, racial centralism, internalization, externalization, aggression, and competition.